LENGUA RICA TESC BEGINNING 2 Homework PAGE
Winter 2018


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Beginning 2 Homework 1

Review of Regular Verbs in the Present Tense

Please review present tense conjugation, checking here if you need to.

Assignment:

Write a narrative of about 10 sentences stating things that happen every day… things you do, things your cat does, other things that happen. Use at least 10 different verbs.

BE SURE ALWAYS TO DOUBLE SPACE AND NEVER USE ENGLISH ON YOUR Homework.


 

Beginning 2 Homework 2

Review of the Verbs SER and ESTAR

Please review the uses of SER and ESTAR by reviewing your notes. You can also visit these web pages:

Dr. Lemon's SER page.
Dr. Lemon's ESTAR page.
Dr. Lemon's SER VS. ESTAR page.

Assignment:

Write a description of yourself or somebody else making sure to give examples of all the usage bullet points near the top of both Dr. Lemon's SER page and Dr. Lemon's ESTAR page.


 

Beginning 2 Homework 3

Lesson 1: The Preterite Tense
The preterite is one of the principle past tenses in Spanish. Its uses:
-To express that an action happened and was completed in the past.
-To express that an action happened or began at a particular time in the past.
(When we go over the IMPERFECT tense, you?ll see that the first use is relative.)

Examples:
Ayer, hablé con dos estudiantes. (Yesterday, I spoke with two students.)
Hace tres años, viajé a Ecuador. (Three years ago, I traveled to Ecuador.)

Lesson 2: First Conjugation Verbs in the Preterite (-AR Verbs)
First conjugation preterite endings are as follows:
-é    -amos
-aste
-ó    -aron

Example:
HABLAR
hablé        hablamos
hablaste
habló        hablaron

Lesson 3: Second and Third Conjugation Verbs in the Preterite (-ER & -IR Verbs)
Second and third conjugation preterite endings are the same:
-í    -imos
-iste
-ió    -ieron

Examples:
COMER
comí        comimos
comiste
comió        comieron

VIVIR
viví        vivimos
viviste
vivió        vivieron

Assignment 1
Practice the form of the preterite by writing out the full conjugation for three regular verbs from each group (3 -AR, 3 -ER, 3 -IR).

Assignment 2
Practice these verbs and others ORALLY, conjugating them by memory, without looking, until you have them down.

Assignment 3
Write a page, double spaced, which details a sequence of events from yesterday, or your last trip to Cancún or whatever.

All verbs should be in the preterite. Endeavor to use all regular verbs. It should be, "This happened, then this happened, then this happened?" Example: Volé a Cancún. Salí del avión. Entré al baño. Oriné. Etc. Assignment 4 Read a children's book and bring it to class.

 

Beginning 2 Homework 4

Prepositional Phrases

The use of prepositions is very idiomatic and is not always logical. In some cases, there is a general rule or  meaning. In others, you just have to learn in association with a particular verb.

Some uses of the preposition "A"
1. ir a + infinitive: future action
Example: Voy a comer a las dos. (Iím going to eat at 2:00.)
2. asistir a: to attend an event
Example: Los viernes asistimos a la clase de baile. (On Fridays we attend dance class.)
3. enseñar a + infinitive: to teach an action
Example: El profesor me enseña a escribir mejor. (The professor teaches me to write better.)
4. aprender a + infinitive: to learn an action
Example: Quiero aprender a esquiar. (I learn to ski.)
5. ayudar a + infinitive: to help an action take place
Example: Los anteojos nos ayudan a ver. (Glasses help us see.)
6. La "a personal:" Used whenever a person, or personified nonhuman, is the direct object of a verb.
Example 1: Conozco a muchas personas de California. (I know a lot of people from California.)
Example 2: El abogado representa al acusado. (The lawyer represents the accused.)

Some uses of the preposition EN
1. hablar en voz alta: to speak out loud
2. pensar en: to think ABOUT something
Example: Cuando escucho esa canción, pienso en mi juventud. (When I hear that song, I think about my youth.)

Assignment
Use all 8 these phrases creatively in a story or essay. USE VERBS IN THE PRETERITE.

Beginning 2 Homework 5

Lesson
Imperfect tense
The imperfect is used to express actions in the past from the perspective
that they are not complete. This does not mean that, relative to the
present they are not complete. Usually it is relative to other actions in
the past.
Principal uses:
1. As a context for other actions.
Cuando yo caminaba al mercado, vi un pájaro.
(When I was walking to the market, I saw a bird.)
2. To describe habitual or frequent actions in the past.
Durante los años 90, yo comía mucho en el Restaurante Otto's.
(During the 90s, I ate at Otto's Restaurant a lot.)

All verbs are regular in imperfect (with the exception of 3, that we'll study week 4).
Examples
AR
hablaba     hablábamos
hablabas
hablaba     hablaban

ER
comía     comíamos
comías
comía     comían

IR
vivía     vivíamos
vivías
vivía     vivían

Assignment
1. In oral and written form, practice the above verbs and others in the imperfect until you can recite them from memory.
2. Write a page about things you used to do (habitual, frequent actions). Use the imperfect heavily.

 

Beginning 2 Homework 6

LESSON 1:
Some irregular verbs in preterite tense

SER/IR
fui     fuimos
fuiste
fue    fueron

PONER
puse     pusimos
pusiste
puso     pusieron

PODER
pude     pudimos
pudiste
pudo     pudieron

(PODER in the preterite means to accomplish something that you were making an effort at. In the negative, it means to fail.)

SABER
supe      supimos
supiste
supo     supieron

(SABER in the preterite means to find out.)

LESSON 2:
Preterite vs. Imperfect Tenses
Both these tenses can describe the very same action, just from a different
perspective.
Preterite looks at the action as completed, overwith, very neat and tidy.
Imperfect looks at the action as ongoing relative to other actions, not so
neat or tidy.

Examples:
1. Ayer manejé a Portland. (Yesterday, I drove to Portland.)
2. Cuando manejaba a Portland, escuché la radio. (When I was driving to 
Portland, I listened to the radio.)
3. Cuando escuchaba la radio, supe que había una venta especial en REI.
(When I was listening to the radio, I found out that there was a sale at REI.)

Note that in example 2, the exact same action as in example 1 (manejar), 
ocurring at the exact same time on the exact same day, is expressed using 
imperfect because, relative to the radio listening, the action began
before and finished afterward. Then in example 3, the same happens with 
verb escuchar.

ASSIGNMENT 1:
Study and memorize these preterite forms of SER/IR, PONER, PODER and SABER.


ASSIGNMENT 2: Write 3 series of sentences like the example series of 3 sentences above in Lesson 2 (you will wind up with 9 sentences total). Include at least on example of each of the irregular verbs outlined above (SER, IR, PONER, PODER, SABER) in the preterite.

 
 

Beginning 2 Homework 7


More Prepositional Phrases

Some uses of the preposition DE
1. pensar de: to “think of” in the sense of having an opinion (usually used in questions)
Example: No sé qué pienso del vino. ¿Qué piensa usted del vino? (I don’t know what I think of this wine. What do you think of the wine?)

2. dejar de + infinitive: to stop doing something
Example: Dejó de llover. Deje de quejarse. (It stopped raining. Stop complaining.)

3. estar lleno de: to be full of
Example: El sótano está lleno de agua. (The basement’s full of water.)

4. tratar de: to try to do something
Example: El vendedor trata de convencerme pero no puede. (The salesman tries to convince me but he can’t.)

Some uses of the preposition CON
5. soñar con: to dream about
Example: Anoche soñé con zapatos que hablaban. (Last night I dreamt about shoes that talked.)

6. hacer algo con dificultad: to do something with difficulty

Some uses of the preposition POR
7. hablar por teléfono: to talk on the phone

8. estar por + infinitive: to be about to happen
Example: Venga adentro: está por llover. (Come inside: it’s about to rain.)


Assignment
Use all 8 these phrases creatively in a story or essay. USE VERBS IN THE IMPERFECT TENSE TO EXPRESS THAT THINGS USED TO HAPPEN.

 

Beginning 2 Homework 8

Lesson: Irregular Verbs in the Imperfect
There are only three: SER, IR, and VER
SER
era             éramos
eras
era             eran

IR
iba             íbamos
ibas
iba             iban

VER
veía            veíamos
veías
veía            veían

ASSIGNMENT:
1. Study and practice these verbs in both written and oral form.

2. Write a story, true or fictional, in which you use these verbs in
the imperfect and practice the interplay of the preterite and
imperfect in other verbs.

 
 
 

Beginning 2 Homework 9

Lesson 1: La "a" Personal

In Spanish, when a direct object is a person, it is correct to insert the preposition "a" before the person in the sentence.
(This is also true for nonhuman creatures with whom the speaker has a relationship, like a pet: the speaker recognizes
the creature's "personality.")

Examples:
Yo veo las rosas.
Yo veo a Rosa.

Lesson 2:
After a preposition, most of the personal pronouns work, but not "yo" or "tú."

a mí
a ti
a él
a ella
a usted
a nosotros
a vosotros
a ellos
a ellas
a ustedes

Here are some prepositions:
para
de
para
por
sobre
en
desde
con
sin

Note: In combination with the preposition "con," "mí" and "ti" become "conmigo" and "contigo."

Lesson 3: Direct Object pronouns

Here are the direct object pronouns:
me	nos
te
lo	los
la	las

When used in conjunction with conjugated verbs, these pronouns are placed before the verb.
Example:
Simón lee el libro. ("El libro" is the direct object.)
Simón lo lee. ("Lo" represents "el libro.")

Assignments
1. Write 5 sentences in which there is a stated direct object and it is human.
2. Rewrite these 5 sentences using the appropriate direct object pronoun.
3. Write 5 sentences in which there is a state direct object and it is an inanimate object.
4. Rewrite these 5 sentences using the appropriate direct object pronoun.

Beginning 2 Homework 10


Lesson: Direct Object Pronouns After Non-conjugated Verbs

You know that direct object pronouns come before conjugated verbs.
Example: Yo leo el libro.=Yo lo leo.

But with certain verb forms (not considered conjugations) these pronouns come afterward.

A. Infinitives
These pronouns get attached to the end of an infinitive.
Example:
Para comprar un carro, tengo que verlo. (In order to buy a car, I have to see it.)

Notice that the infinitive (verlo) is part of a verbal expression (tener que + infinitive). The pronoun can
actually go before the conjugated verb in the expression (tengo) as well as after the infinitive verb: two verb forms, two
options. This does not change the meaning.

Assignment 1:
Write 3 examples like my example. Make sure to establish what your object
is before you use the direct object pronouns.

B. Affirmative Imperative (commands)
These pronouns get attached to the end of positive commands. (They go before the verb with negative commands.)
Example:
Yo trabajé muy duro para preparale ese taco. Cómalo.
(I worked hard to prepare you that taco. Eat it.)

Note in the example above that the verb has an accent mark on it. That's because the addition of the pronoun also adds
a syllable to the word, which changes the customary position of the stressed syllable. The accent mark indicates where
the stress should be in the new word.

Assignment 2:
Write 3 examples like mine above. Pay attention to the accent marks. Here are 10 commands you can use:
(I'm offering you "usted" commands because I think they're more essential.)

coma
escriba
hable
escuche
mire
diga
escriba
beba
corte
limpie

C. Present Participles
These pronouns get attached to the end of an present participles.
Examples:
1. Juan: ¿Dónde está mi taco? Juana: El perro está comiéndolo.
(Juan: Where's my taco. Juana: The dog's eating it.)
2. Ramón tiene nueva novia. Pasó toda la fiesta besándola.
(Ramón has a new girlfriend. He spent the whole party kissing her.)

In example 1, notice that the present participle (comiendo) is part of the compound tense called the "present progressive"
(estar + present participle). This is how the present participle is most commonly used. With this compound tense, the
pronoun can actually go before the conjugated verb in the expression (está) as well as after the present participle: two
verb forms, two options. This does not change the meaning.

In example 2, notice that the present participle is used independently. This is a lot less common. The present participle
is NOT used as the subject of a sentence as it is in English.

Assignment 3:
Write 3 examples like my example 1. Make sure you establish what your object is before you use the pronoun.

Assignment 4:
Read a book.

Beginning 2 Homework 11

Assignment: 20 Clues
(Based on 20 Questions)

Think of something relatively common (a carrot, chocolate, a dog), then write statements about it in which the
"something" is presented as the DIRECT OBJECT of the verb.

Example: (lechuga)
1. La puedes comer.
2. Cuando la ves, ves el color verde.
3. Es posible meterla adentro de una bolsa.

Notice that, in this case, I used "la" because "lechuga" is feminine. You too should use the appropriate form for your
"something."

BE CAREFUL not to treat your "something" as the subject of any of your sentences. Do not say, for example, "Es verde,"
because then you're not practicing the direct object pronouns you're supposed to be practicing. Also do not say,
"La es verde." That is grammatically nonsensical. (Examples 2 and 3, above, for "lechuga," are ways of getting around this.) 

Try to give at least five clues for one "something." If you don't give 20 clues for your "something," pick an additional "something" (or two, or three) so that your total number of clues amounts roughly to 20. (For example, you could pick four "somethings" and for each you could give five clues.) 

Beginning 2 Homework 12

Lesson 1: Indirect Object Pronouns

An indirect object receives an action indirectly. Often it is the recipient of the direct object.
Example: Yo doy el regalo a Pedro.

In the above sentence, "el regalo" is the direct object.
"Pedro" is the indirect object.

Here are the indirect object pronouns:
me     nos
te
le     les

Like direct object pronouns, indirect object pronouns are place before a conjugated verb.
Example: Yo le doy el regalo a Pedro.

Notice that BOTH the pronoun ("le") and the person or thing to which it refers ("Pedro") are present in the sentence.
This is standard practice when establishing the meaning of "le" or "les." It's not necessary with the other pronouns
because their meaning is self evident.

Lesson 2: Order of direct and indirect object pronouns
 indirect pronouns are used in a clause, the INDIRECT PRONOUN comes first.
Example:
Nosotros damos el regalo a ti.
Nosotros te lo damos.

When either LE or LES comes before LO, LA, LOS, or LAS, the indirect object pronoun (LE or LES) becomes SE.
Example:
Yo le doy el regalo a Pedro.
Yo se lo doy. (SE = LE)

So say you have a sentence like:
Yo te doy el regalo.

If you want to use the pronoun LO in subsequent sentences to represent EL REGALO in addition to using the pronoun
TE, remember that the order of these pronouns is:
INDIRECT, DIRECT (the abbreviation ID might help you remember this)

Therefore, the sentence you get is:
Yo te lo doy.

NOTE:
When LE or LES comes before LO, LA, LOS, or LAS, the former become SE.

Example:
Yo le doy el regalo a Roberto.=Yo se lo doy.

Assignment
1.Write 10 sentences that have clearly stated direct and indirect objects and use the appropriate indirect object
pronoun. Rwrite the sentences using direct and indirect object pronouns. (REMEMBER THE ORDER OF THESE PRONOUNS IS: INDIRECT, DIRECT)
2 Read a book or article and be prepared to talk about it in class with another student or two.

Beginning 2 Homework 13
Look again at the lesson from Beginning 2 Homework 9 and do the assignments all over again but this
time INCLUDING INDIRECT OBJECTS.

Beginning 2 Homework 14

Lesson 2: Gustar

You probably know that GUSTAR is different from LIKE.

In Spanish, it's not YOU that LIKES the a thing, it's A THING that PLEASES you.

Example:
Me gusta el chocolate.

The subject is EL CHOCOLATE.

For emphasis, it is also common to say:
A mí me gusta el chocolate.

A MÍ, A TI, and A NOSOTROS are all used in this way, for emphasis.

But when the pronoun in question is LE or LES, it is necessary to specify to whom or to what you are referring (the first
time you use LE or LES to refer to something or someone).
Examples:
A ellos les gusta el chocolate.
A ti te gustan los caballos.

Similar verbs: encantar, fascinar, molestar, importar

Assignments
1. Write five creative sentences using GUSTAR and similar verbs, varying the subject and object and using the
phrase A TI, A ELLA, etc.
Example: A ti te gusta bañarte en chocolate.
2. Write a paragraph about an object in your life that you use, give to people, eat, send, throw, study, and/or dream about.
The idea is to establish what it is, then talk about it using the direct and indirect object pronouns we've been studying.
(NOTE: This is not a guessing game like the one from week 4.)

 

Questions?
rogole[at]evergreen.edu
Last updated 9 February 2018