La Comida Homework Class 1
Lesson 1: Gender of nouns
Unlike in English, nouns in Spanish are almost always classified as
masculine or feminine.
Masculine nouns:
-Usually end in "-o"
-Can end in "-ma" if Greek in origin
(problema, dilema, poema, and sistema are all fall in this category)
Feminine nouns:
-Often end in "a"
-Words with the following endings are feminine: -ción, -sión,
-dad, -tud
Lesson 2: Definite and Indefinite Articles
Definite articles mean "the." In Spanish, the form they take corresponds
to their respective noun.
This is also true of indefinite articles, but they mean "a" or "some."
Examples:
Definite
Masculine
Feminine
singular el libro (the
book)
la mesa (the table)
plural
los libros (the books) las mesas (the tables)
Indefinite
Masculine
Feminine
singular un libro (the
book) una mesa (the
table)
plural
unos libros (the books) unas mesas (the tables)
Assignment 1
Write down a list of 12 nouns in Spanish.
Of these 12 words:
3 should be masculine singular
3 should be masculine plural
3 should be feminine singular
3 should be feminine plural
Use simple, concrete words the meaning of which you should be able to convey to a partner without using English. Put them in alphabetical order.
To the left of each noun, write the noun's corresponding DEFINITE article (el, la, los, las).
Assignment 2
Write another similar list with 12 new, different nouns with the same male/female/singular plural parameters. List these, also, in alphabetical order. To the left of each noun on the second list, write the noun's corresonding INDEFINITE article (un, una, unos, unas).
Assignment 3
Read a children's book and bring it to class to share.
La Comida Homework Class 2
Lesson: Demonstrative Adjectives These are words used to distinguish one things from another, differentiate, or merely indicate what one is talking about. THIS THESE MASCULINE este estos FEMININE esta estas Example: Estos libros, en mi mano, son rojos. (These books, in my hand, are red.) THAT THOSE ese esos esa esas Example: Esa mesa, en la cocina, es redonda. (That table, in the kitchen, is round.) THAT one over there THOSE ones over there aquel aquellos aquella aquellas Example: Aquella casa, en Jalisco, es la del alcalde. (That house over there, in Jalisco, is the mayor's.) NOTE: Unlike in English, in Spanish there are two THATs. If you find the notion of AQUEL (and its forms) confusing, rest assured that, at this stage in your Spanish acquistion, it's more important that you understand it than know when to use it: you can get by with out using it, but you WILL hear it. ASSIGNMENT 1. Write 12 sentences: one for each form listed above. Group your sentences by gender/number (masculine/singular, masculine/plural, feminine/singular, feminine/plural) Example (masculine/singular group): Este libro, en mi mano, es rojo. Ese libro, en la cocina, es interesante. Aquel libro, en Jalisco, es viejo. Not that the examples include context/justification for why you are using este vs. ese vs. aquel (such as "en mi mano"), and the examples you write should as well. That is to say: ESTE/ESTOS/ESTA/ESTAS: Show that the object is in your personal space ("en mi mano," for example) ESE/ESOS/ESA/ESAS: Show that the object is NOT in your personal space ("en la cocina," for example) AQUEL/AQUELLOS/AQUELLA/AQUELLAS: Show that the object is distant ("en Jalisco," for example) As always, choose vocabulary for your homework that is new to you.
La Comida Homework Class 3
Lesson 1: SER
SER is used to express something's IDENTITY.
(SER means "to be" in the sense of EXISTING and being identified as
something.)It is conjugated like this: yo soy (I am) tú eres (you are) (familiar) él es (he is) ella es (she is) usted es (you are) (formal) nosotros somos (we are) ellos son (they are) (masc.,mixed gender) ellas son (they are) (fem.) ustedes son (y’all are) (formal in Spain, universal in Am.)
USES of SER
1. Identifying something as a noun. (Esto es un libro.)
2. Characteristics (El gato es negro.)
3. Profession (Ramón es doctor.)
4. Religion (Nosotros somos budistas.)
5. Ideology (Ellos son socialistas.)
6. Nationality (Tú eres italiano.)
7. Geographic origin (Soy de Wenatchee.)
8. Material origin (La silla es de metal.)
9. When telling time. (¿Qué hora es? Son las ocho.)Lesson 2: ESTAR ESTAR is used to express something's CONDITION or LOCATION. (ESTAR means "to be" in the sense of being in a particular STATE.)
It is conjugated like this: yo estoy (I am) tú estás (you are) (familiar) él está (he is) ella está (she is)
usted está (you are) (formal)
nosotros estamos (we are) ellos están (they are) (masc.,mixed gender)
ellas están (they are) (fem.)
ustedes están (y’all are) (formal in Spain, universal in América.)
1. Physical condition (Estoy enfermo.)
2. Mental condition (Ramón está aburrido.)
3. Emotional condition (Nosotros estamos tristes.)
4. Location (¿Dónde está Waldo? Waldo está en Puyallup.)
5. Temperature of things (La sopa está fría.)Some comparisons of SER & ESTAR
ESTAR
SER
¿Cómo está Roberto?
(This means "How is Roberto?" How is his mental/emotional/physical condition.)
¿Cómo es Roberto?
(This means "What is Roberto like?" It requests a description of his identity and characteristics.)
La casa está bonita.
(This means "The house looks pretty." It has been dolled up, adorned with Christmas lights or something. a condition)
La casa es bonita.
(This means "The house is pretty." a characteristic)
Simón está aburrido.
("Simón is bored." a condition)
Simón es aburrido.
("Simón is boring." a charactersitic)
ASSIGNMENT
Write one original example of your own for each use of each verb for a total of 14 sentences.
La Comida Optional Homework A
Lesson: The Present Progressive Tense
The Present Progressivie is yet another use of ESTAR and is used to express an action that is actually in
process. It a compound tense in which ESTAR serves as an auxiliary verb to another verb in its present
participle (or gerund) form.
Examples:
El profesor está explicando. (The professor is explaining.)
Los estudiantes están escribiendo. (The students are writing.)
Note that ESTAR is conjugated as you'd expected based on the subject.
Also note the endings of the present participles:
-ANDO (as in "explicando") is used with -AR verbs.
-IENDO (as in "escribiendo") is used with -ER and -IR verbs.
(There are some verbs with irregular present participles: the verb IR itself—its present participle is
YENDO—and those that end in -AER, -EER and -UIR. Their present participles end in -YENDO, as in
TRAYENDO, LEYENDO and CONSTRUYENDO)
Assignment
Write a one-page, double-spaced narrative about a room in your house. Choose a few objects there and
answer these questions:
-Where are things in relation to each other?
-Where are they from?
-What do they look like?
-In what condition are they?
-AND What is happening in the moment that you write?
Use SER and ESTAR based on the assignment from class 3. In addition, endeavor to use the PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE.
Example:
En la cocina, la lavadora de platos está a la derecha del horno. Es de Tacoma y es blanca. Es usada pero
está como nueva. El gato está comiendo su comida a la izquierda de la refrigeradora.
(In the kitchen, the dishwasher is to the right of the oven. It's from Tacoma and it's white. It's used but it's
like new. The cat is eating its food to the left of the refrigerator.)
La Comida Optional Homework B
Irregular verbs SABER, CONOCER, HACER These are three very important and useful irregular verbs. They are irregular because the first person singular form (yo) does not follow the regular pattern of just dropping the infinitive ending and adding "o." SABER - to know (information) yo sé (I know) nosotros sabemos (we know) tú sabes (you know, familiar) él sabe (he knows) ellos saben (they know, masculine, mixed) ella sabe (she knows) ellas saben (they know, feminine) usted sabe (you knows, formal) ustedes saben (you know, plural) Example: Yo sé cuál es la capital de California. (I know what the capital of California is.) CONOCER - to know (be familiar with people, places and things) yo conozco (I know) nosotros conocemos (we know) tú conoces (you know, familiar) él conoce (he knows) ellos conocen (they know, masculine, mixed) ella conoce (she knows) ellas conocen (they know, feminine) usted conoce (you knows, formal) ustedes conocen (you know, plural) Example: Ella no conoce a Alberto. (She does not know Alberto.) HACER - to make or to do yo hago (I make) nosotros make (we speak) tú haces (you make, familiar) él hace (he makes) ellos hacen (they make, masculine, mixed) ella hace (she makes) ellas hacen (they make, feminine) usted hace (you makes, formal) ustedes hacen (you make, plural) Notice that there are five forms I'm giving you for each verb. PONER, for example: pongo, pones, pone, ponemos, ponen. Assignment 1 Stop by the front porch and pick up a copy of the unit "A COMER." It's in the folder that says BEGINNING UNITS. If this is your first course with us, pick up one that has a paper clip. Read pages 1-2 of the unit and the stuff that paperclipped to the unit as well. Assignment 2 Write out the conjugation for these IRREGULAR VERBS (SABER, CONOCER, HACER) over and over (just like I did above, but without the english) until you can do it from memory without looking at another piece of paper on which they are already written. Assignment 3 Practice the conjugations orally until you can recite them without looking. Assignment 4 Write one original sentence using each form of each verb: that's 20 original sentences! Use a dictionary of course and be creative. But keep them simple: don't use words that you'll have difficulty explaining to a partner without using English. Example: Yo pongo el sombrero en la mesa. (I put the hat on the table.)
La Comida Optional Homework C
Lesson 1: Irregular verb DAR (to give) DAR in the present indicative doy damos das da dan NOTE: The preposition "a" is used when expressing the giving of something TO someone. Example: Yo le doy el libro a Simón. (I give the book to Simón.) (Don't worry about the "le" right now.) Lesson 2: Irregular verb SALIR (to go out) SALIR in the present indicative salgo salimos sales sale salen NOTE: The preposition "de" is used when expressing WHERE someone is going out FROM. Example: Yo salgo de la casa a las 7:00. (I go out of the house at 7:00.) NOTE: The preposition "a" is used when expressing WHERE someone is going out TO. Example: Cuando no queremos cocinar, salimos a un restaurante. (When we don&rsquot want to cook, we go out to a restaurant.) Lesson 3: TRAER (to bring) traigo traemos traes trae traen NOTE: In Spanish, TRAER (to bring) is not to be confused with LLEVAR (to take). In English the two verbs are somewhat interchangeable. Not so in Spanish. TRAER is used ONLY from the perspective of someone who is AT the destination. NOT from the perspective of someone who is GOING TO BUT NOT YET AT the destination. Examples: ¿Quién trae la limonada a nuestra fiesta? (Who is bringing the lemonade to our party?) ¡Miren lo que traigo! (Look what I bring!) Versus ¿Qué llevo a la fiesta? (What do I bring [take] to the party?) Lesson 4: PONER (to put) pongo ponemos pones pone ponen Assignment 1 Write out the conjugation for DAR, SALIR, TRAER and PONER. Do it over and over until you can do it from memory without looking at another piece of paper on which they are already written. Assignment 2 Practice the conjugations orally until you can recite them without looking. Assignment 3 Write one original sentence using each form of each verb: that's 20 original sentences. Again, use a dictionary of course and be creative. Again, keep them simple: don't use words that you'll have difficulty explaining to a partner without using English.